Classic Institutional Self-Preservation Mechanism?

 

Hegseth, Secretary of War, on Iran: "We will keep pressing. We will keep pushing, keep advancing, no quarter, no mercy for our enemies." [1]

 

US Department of Defense Law of War Manual: [2]

 

5.4.7 Prohibition Against Declaring That No Quarter Be Given. It is forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given. This means that it is prohibited to order that legitimate offers of surrender will be refused or that detainees, such as unprivileged belligerents, will be summarily executed. Moreover, it is also prohibited to conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors, or to threaten the adversary with the denial of quarter. 

This rule is based on both humanitarian and military considerations.This rule also applies during non-international armed conflict.

 

Congressional testimony [3] : CENTCOM Commander Admiral Brad Cooper was simply unable to affirm in particular that it is forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given.  He just give generic "we will follow the law" statements.

 

Example:

 

Representative Jason Crow of Colorado: You're a combatant commander. You're one of our most senior military officers with tens of thousands of service members under your command. Does the law of war manual state that it is prohibited to utter to declare that no quarter be given?

 

Admiral Brad Cooper: It prohibits a large number of things. It will follow

 

Crow: I just read the provision to you. I just literally read the provision to you. Does it prohibit you or anyone else from declaring that no quarter be given? I just read it to you.

 

Cooper:  We will follow everything that's in the law.

 

Crow: Answer the question, Admiral Cooper. You have tens of thousands of service members under your command. I literally just read a provision from the Law of War manual, our own manual. Will you not just say what I just read to you?

 

Cooper: I will say that we will follow the law of armed conflict to the tea.

 

Crow: This is, this is, this is just unbelievable to me. I find the same thing, sir. This is just unbelievable to me.

 

 

 

[1] Secretary of War Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Air Force Gen. Dan Caine Hold a Press Briefing, March 13, 2026, https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/4434484/secretary-of-war-pete-hegseth-and-chairman-of-the-joint-chiefs-air-force-gen-da/

 

[2] US Department of Defense Law of War Manual, June 2015, updated July 2023.

https://media.defense.gov/2023/Jul/31/2003271432/-1/-1/0/dod-law-of-war-manual-june-2015-updated-july%202023.pdf

 

[3] Transcript of YouTube, CBS News, May 19, 2026 :  Tense exchange between Rep. Crow and CENTCOM commander over Iran, rules on quarter for enemies, https://youtu.be/2kIAUFKSc38

 

---

AI found several examples of such from the 19th century, and from the Vietnam war, and explains:

 

"What you are observing in the exchange between Rep. Crow and Admiral Cooper is a classic institutional self-preservation mechanism.

 

When a civilian leader (like a Secretary of Defense) uses illegal wartime rhetoric ("no quarter"), it places the uniform military leadership in a dangerous trap. If the Admiral explicitly agrees with the lawmaker that the Secretary's words describe an illegal war crime, he is publicly rebuking his civilian boss—a violation of the American norm of civilian control of the military. If he agrees with the Secretary, he is endorsing a war crime."

Did the US suffer from a STEM labor shortage 2011-2021?

 

The estimate below shows that American production of STEM graduates during 2011-2021 did not keep up with the demand for such in the workforce.  The shortfall must have been made up from imported labor.

 

Table SLBR-2 in this  NSF web publication

https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20245/u-s-stem-workforce-size-growth-and-employment

The data says that the number of employed workers in STEM occupations with a bachelor’s degree or higher grew from 11,858,595 in 2011 to 17,547,951 in 2021.

This is an increase of 5,689,356.

From the National Center for Education Statistics, the number of post-secondary degrees and certificates in STEM conferred 2012-13 to 2022-23 is given (11 years)

https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d24/tables/dt24_318.45.asp

 

 

If we take the first ten years, subtracting off non-residents, it is just under 6 million graduates.

Of course, there is overcounting here, because someone who got a bachelor’s in 2012 might have obtained a masters in 2014, and is counted twice.  But let’s not worry about that.  Also, not everyone with a STEM degree ends up in a STEM career.

Then there is attrition - from the approximately 12 million workers in 2011, how many retired?  

If the number of employed workers was constant, and a career lasts 50 years, then 2% of the workers should retire each year.  If the number of workers is growing with more young entrants, then that number should be less. Google AI says that in 2006, there were 9.4 million employed workers in STEM occupations with bachelor’s or more (it said it couldn’t find specific numbers for 2001).  We can’t linearly extrapolate because it would mean about zero such workers in the late 1980s.   Let’s go with 0.5% per year of the 12 million in 2011 retired or otherwise left the field, and that amounts to 600,000.

So the US produced a maximum of 6 million graduates and required 5.7 million for the new jobs and 0.6 million for the existing jobs vacated by retirees.  That is already a shortage of 300K.

About the double counting - 

Google AI says: Over the decade between 2011 and 2021, Science & Engineering master's degrees consistently increased, averaging more than 170,000 awards per year; and in 2021, 217,000 Science & Engineering masters were awarded of which 60,000 were to international students.  

If we take 70% of the masters to be awarded to American citizens or permanent residents, then in 2011-2021, about 1.2 million masters were awarded, and these are double-counted with those who got bachelors. That would increase the shortage to 1.5 million.

The conclusion is that yes, the US suffered from a STEM labor shortage between 2011 and 2021.   

 

 

 

 

The Poison Ivy League

The Jerusalem Post headline says it all: Ivy League heads: Calls for genocide on Jews are context-dependent When New York Republican Rep. Elise Stefanik asked if “calling for the genocide of Jews” is against the universities’ respective codes of conduct, all three presidents said the answer depends. --- The above is about the most degraded that I have seen the American Left. As is almost always the case, ideology seems to paralyze the rational faculty. Perhaps if they had said that calling for the genocide of Jews or anyone is always against the universities' codes of conduct; but the severity of the sanctions against the offender(s) depend on context, it would be far less offensive. --- FYI, I am currently in the 10-15% of the population that does not react to urushiol (I understand that a rash response can develop with repeated exposure to poison ivy).

Democracy in Crisis

Once upon a time, to board a domestic flight was almost as easy as getting onto a bus at a bus terminal. Global terrorism put an end to that.  Is this a reduction in freedom?  Absolutely.  The requirement of the right kind of government-issued ID to board a flight is an intrusion into individual liberty. 

 

Is it a reduction in democracy?  Absolutely not.  The people remain free to make the government change the regulations, repeal them altogether, or as is more likely, to make obtaining the required ID and the security checks less onerous.  

 

Professor Salvatore Babones, an American sociologist at the University of Sydney in Australia, uses this kind of distinction, and argues that India remains a democracy, though less free than Australia or the United States, for instance in freedom of speech.  Watch this debate between Salvatore Babones and Anand Rangarajan.  (Trigger-alert: Anand Rangarajan is boorish; and Salvatore Babones loses the audience because he acknowledges learning about India from a trio of journalists whom the audience happens to despise.)   But Babones' arguments are sound.   

 

Let's examine this further. In one of the many "India's Democracy in Crisis" panel discussions,  there is the criticism of the Modi government that it does not do enough to curb hate speech.  On the other hand, district authorities have been given the power to simply shut down the internet, and in 2022, of 187 shutdowns of the internet world-wide, 84 occurred in India, and the Modi government is criticized for this, too.

 

It does happen in India that social media is used to spread "hate-speech" and start a riot or lynching.  It may be rare on a per capita basis (1.4 billion people in the denominator!), but it does happen.  The district authorities can nip this in the bud by simply turning off the internet for a period.  "Hate speech" is poorly defined, there are no standards, and asking the district authorities to selectively censor social media will bring in their bias.  Turning off the internet makes sense.  Whether this is a good strategy requires research into its effectiveness in keeping the peace, and not some theoretical notions about freedom.

 

Regarding the disruption to life by an internet shutdown, India is prone to "rasta roko"/"rail roko" -- people block roads or railway lines - and city-wide or state-wide bandhs, where the entire area is coerced into shutting down business.  This kind of protest is part of India's political culture and has a history.  Lack of internet is yet another disruption to add to this.  

 

But it is up to the Indian people to decide whether all this is acceptable or not.   Right now, perhaps the safety of life and property, and the avoidance of disruption of life by violence outweighs the loss of the internet.   Maybe some time the balance will change and then the voters will make a political issue of it and force a change.

 

Which leads to another observation - the Indian Constitution is relatively easy to change, with the Supreme Court on guard to preserve the basis structure of the Constitution.  From January 1950 to October 2021, there have been 105 amendments.  America's Constitution has had 27 since 1789.  It is much more difficult to amend, and popular causes such as regulating money in politics, or making the Presidency be determined by the popular vote rather than the Electoral College which overweighs states with tiny populations are stuck.  That is, the American people remain free to change their Constitution, but in practice, it is very hard.  

 

Freedom of speech is virtually absolute in the United States; the restrictions that can be placed by law are very limited.  We thus get the situation where e.g., Fox News can knowingly, even maliciously, propagate a democracy-damaging falsehood, and the only recourse is for a private party who suffered economic damage by the lies to take them to court.  If the situation gets unbearable, Americans will no doubt try to change this, but the barriers to change are enormous.   

 

Does comparing among countries the ease of amending the Constitution make any sense?  I don't think it does, any more than the freedom indices and such.  India's Constitution and America's Constitution were written to meet the needs of their respective people with their histories and circumstances.  The ease or difficulty of amendment was also decided because of history and circumstances.

With any democracy, what one can meaningfully ask is, are the people free to change their laws and regulations and do the laws and regulations that get made diminish that freedom in any way?  Only in the latter case need an alarm be raised (e.g, Hungary or maybe even Israel).  

When in the debate mentioned above, Anand Rangarajan feels patronized when Babones says India is less free in some respects than Australia or America and asks why he can't be as free as an American, he is asking for India to be America; but India's history and circumstances can't be so readily erased.  Nor is less freedom necessarily bad - in aviation, it keeps terrorists at bay.  

It is up to Indians collectively whether they want a perfect Jeffersonian Republic, or whether the trade-offs to preserve their way of life are acceptable to them; and Anand Rangarajan has the freedom to try to persuade them as to which would lead to their greater flourishing.

Shower Cap's Blog

 Some of the best political commentary/rants about the crazy politics in these United States of America can be found on Shower Cap's American Madness Journal.  There's a new entry each Friday.

Excerpt from the latest:

Y’know, the way I sorta judge how things’re going in this country boils down to, “is there more Nazi shit going on than last week, or less?” and I tell you, folks, since that fateful escalator ride what seems like a fucking century ago, the answer hasn’t been “less” once. Not once. Well, shucks, may as well grab a drink and join me for a few nervous chuckles at all the zany, zany ways 21st century America refuses to learn history’s clearest lessons…wheeeeeeee.                 

BUT FIRST…move over, Omicron, it’s time for the other plague menacing humanity to run wild, and though this particular variant was 100% made in the USA, I’m sure Rand Paul will still figure out some way to blame China. I’m speaking, of course, of Tantrum-Throwing Manchildren Demanding the Right to Spread a Disease That’s Killed Millions.                                                   

(This is all coming on the heels of a new study showing the unvaccinated are 23 times more likely to be hospitalized with Covid than those of us who don’t have skulls full of hornets and rat turds, and how fun is it to live in a society where absolutely no one expects data that clear to change anyone’s behavior, because a certain political party decided it would be a good idea to brainwash their base into despising science?)

US House of Representatives - Committee Memberships by Party - Take 2

 In a previous post, I looked at what percentage of House Committee seats were taken by the majority party, and found that for the 98th to 116th Congresses, the larger the majority, the larger the share of committee seats, in a roughly linear relationship.  That led to a prediction of the Democrats, in the current (117th) Congress, getting 54.1% of the committee seats.

Well, the Democrats have outdone themselves, and I wish I knew just how they pulled it off.  I have a sneaking suspicion they exploited the innumeracy of the Republicans.

Caltech is de-Millikaned

 

Caltech announcement:

Caltech president Thomas F. Rosenbaum, acting on unanimous recommendations from the [Committee on Naming and Recognition (CNR)](https://inclusive.caltech.edu/about/commitments-progress/committee)and the authorization of the Caltech Board of Trustees, today announced the removal of the name of Caltech's founding president and first Nobel laureate, Robert A. Millikan, from campus buildings, assets, and honors. Rosenbaum and the Board also approved the removal of the names of Harry Chandler, Ezra S. Gosney, William B. Munro, Henry M. Robinson, and Albert B. Ruddock from campus assets and honors.

and

In taking this step, the Institute fully heeds the committee's recommendation to reckon and reconcile with the past, "publicly and unambiguously repudiat[ing] any shade of affiliation with eugenics." The decision is a direct response to and an acknowledgement of the named individuals' participation in the eugenics movement through affiliation with the Human Betterment Foundation (HBF), a California-based organization founded in 1928 by Ezra Gosney, which supported eugenic sterilization research and distributed propaganda in support of eugenic sterilization. Caltech's leadership concurred with the CNR that to continue to memorialize the named individuals, without a complete accounting of who they were, is inconsistent with Caltech's values. Millikan, Gosney, Chandler, Munro, Robinson, and Ruddock were successful professionals, civic leaders, and philanthropists and also prominent members of society who lent their stature and names to the furtherance of racist and discriminatory practices either as HBF trustees or members.

and  

In making its recommendations regarding Millikan, the committee also considered his stances on gender, race, and ethnicity, finding them sexist, racist, xenophobic, and inexcusable by any standard.

and 

"It is fraught to judge individuals outside of their time, but it is clear from the documentation presented that Millikan lent his name and his prestige to a morally reprehensible eugenics movement that already had been discredited scientifically during his time," Rosenbaum said.

(emphasis added)

While the committee had also been charged with considering campus memorializations of Thomas J. Watson Sr. for his alleged ties to Nazi Germany through his leadership of IBM, it ultimately withheld judgment on this renaming. An archival investigation into these matters "undermines the essential accusations in Edwin Black's  *IBM and the Holocaust* , thereby removing any firm basis to recommend renaming the Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics," Rosenbaum said.

The full report from the Committee on Naming and Recognition:

https://inclusive.caltech.edu/about/commitments-progress/committee

The Inaugural Poem - Amanda Gorman

 “ Mr. President, Dr. Biden, Madam Vice President, Mr. Emhoff, Americans and the world:

When day comes we ask ourselves, 

Where can we find light in this never-ending shade?

The loss we carry, 

a sea we must wade?

We’ve braved the belly of the beast, 

We’ve learned that quiet isn’t always peace. 

And the norms and notions 

of what just is 

Isn’t always justice. 

And yet the dawn is ours 

before we knew it

Somehow we do it. 

Somehow we’ve weathered and witnessed 

a nation that isn’t broken, 

but simply unfinished.

We, the successors of a country and a time 

Where a skinny Black girl

descended from slaves and raised by a single mother 

can dream of becoming president 

only to find herself reciting for one.

And yes, we are far from polished, 

far from pristine, 

but that doesn’t mean we are 

striving to form a union that is perfect. 

We are striving to forge our union with purpose. 

To compose a country committed to all cultures, colors, characters and 

conditions of man.


And so we lift our gazes not to what stands between us

but what stands before us. 

We close the divide, because we know to put our future first, 

we must first put our differences aside. 

We lay down our arms 

so we can reach out our arms 

to one another. 

We seek harm to none and harmony for all.

Let the globe, if nothing else, say this is true:

That even as we grieved, we grew

That even as we hurt, we hoped

That even as we tired, we tried.

That we'll forever be tied together, victorious

Not because we will never again know defeat

but because we will never again sow division.

Scripture tells us to envision that 

everyone shall sit under their own vine and fig tree 

And no one shall make them afraid.

If we’re to live up to our own time, 

then victory won’t lie in the blade 

But in all the bridges we’ve made.

That is the promise to glade,
the hill we climb 

if only we dare

it's because being American is more than a pride we inherit –

it’s the past we step into 

and how we repair it.

We’ve seen a force that would shatter our nation 

rather than share it,

Would destroy our country if it meant delaying democracy. 

And this effort very nearly succeeded. 

But while democracy can be periodically delayed, 

It can never be permanently defeated.

In this truth, 

In this faith we trust 

For while we have our eyes on the future, 

history has its eyes on us. 

This is the era of just redemption 

We feared at its inception.
We did not feel prepared to be the heirs 

of such a terrifying hour, 

but within it we found the power 

to author a new chapter, 

to offer hope and laughter to ourselves. 

So while once we asked 

‘how could we possibly prevail over catastrophe,’ 

now we assert: 

‘how could catastrophe possibly prevail over us?’

"We will not march back to what was, 

but move to what shall be: 

a country that is bruised but whole, 

benevolent but bold, 

fierce and free. 

We will not be turned around 

or interrupted by intimidation 

because we know our inaction and inertia 

will be the inheritance of the next generation.

Our blunders become their burdens 

but one thing is certain:

 If we merge mercy with might, 

and might with right, 

then love becomes our legacy

and change, our children’s birthright.

So let us leave behind a country 

better than the one we were left with. 

Every breath from my bronze-pounded chest, 

we will raise this wounded world into a wondrous one. 

We will rise from the gold-limbed hills of the west, 

we will rise from the windswept north-east 

where our forefathers first realized revolution. 

We will rise from the lake-rinsed cities of the midwestern states. 

We will rise from the sun-baked South. 

We will rebuild, reconcile, and recover 

and every known nook of our nation 

and every corner called our country,

 our people diverse and beautiful will emerge 

battered and beautiful.

When day comes, we step out of the shade, 

aflame and unafraid. 

The new dawn blooms as we free it. 

For there is always light 

if only we’re brave enough to see it, 

if only we’re brave enough to be it.”

-Amanda Gorman

 

US House of Representatives - Committee Memberships by Party

The paper from the Congressional Research Service: House Committee Party Ratios: 98^th-116^th Congresses tells us that how the majority and minority parties in Congress divvy up committee seats is rather opaque.

The Standing Rules of the House of Representatives are silent regarding committee sizes and party ratios; the apportionment of committee seats is a decision of the majority leadership that may include discussions between majority and minority party leaderships.  

Only in the House Committee on Ethics are the two parties guaranteed by House Rules to have an equal share of seats. 

Historically, the number of majority seats on some committees has exceeded, in varying degrees, the strength of the majority party in the House chamber, regardless of which party has been in power.  This generally has ensured that the majority party has a sufficient number of members distributed across committees to control voting in many committees.

Based on Table 1 in the paper, the following chart can be drawn. The x-axis is the fraction of House seats the majority holds; the y-axis is the fraction of committee seats the majority holds. Note that the origin is (50,52) (so that you aren't inadvertantly misled by statistics, it is good practice to point that out). In the 117^th Congress, as of January 15^th the Democrats have 221 seats, the Republicans 211. This translates to a 51.2% majority and that translates to a predicted 54.1% of the committee seats.

Cannon to the left of them

 The extreme left has not indulged in an insurrection against the Republic.  So they cannot be compared to the MAGAts.  But they have habits of thought that should be of concern. 

Exhibit: Many tens of millions of Republicans simply don't exist in this depiction of the American political landscape.

Exhibit: what the Democrats themselves see about the extreme left:

The Seditious Bunch

The corrupt Attorney General of Texas filed a complaint with the Supreme Court asking it to overthrow the elections in Michigan, Wisconsin, Georgia and Pennsylvania. Numerous Republican officials piled on. The Supreme Court summarily dismissed the complaint. But there has to be a reckoning. It will take time and come piecemeal, but the political careers of these Republicans needs to end - these participants in the "seditious abuse of the judicial process". To this end, the names of these participants is memorialized on this blog page. As Amy Davidson Sorkin writes:

There is no acceptable justification. There needs to be a real reckoning; if prominent Republicans do not now use the Court’s decision to renounce Trump’s campaign to overturn the election, they will do real and lasting harm to the country.

It was never enough for Republicans who supported the suit to tell themselves that they could be as ridiculous as they liked, because the Supreme Court wouldn’t go for the argument, anyway. If they didn’t know how much Trump’s efforts had eroded his supporters’ faith in the integrity of the electoral system, they should have realized it from reading the briefs that Texas and Trump filed, which, perversely enough, cited those doubts as a rationale for why the Supreme Court should intervene. “The nation needs this Court’s clarity,” Texas argued—as if the Court should reward them for creating confusion by throwing out electors. Trump’s brief made that point even more crassly. “The fact that nearly half of the country believes the election was stolen should come as no surprise,” it said, arguing that, by ruling in Texas’s favor, the Court would allow voters to “find solace” in an election result that excluded “illegal votes.” (All indications are that, by “illegal,” Trump means votes that were not cast for him; actual, specific allegations that there was fraud, backed by evidence, are conspicuously absent from the Texas and Trump briefs.) In short, Trump argued that because he threw mud on the election system’s machinery, the Court was obliged to junk it.

Texas made a convoluted argument about how it would be harmed if Kamala Harris, as Vice-President, ever had to break a tie vote in the Senate, which didn’t even track logically. Texas also claimed that it had standing to sue the states because their actions “debased the votes of citizens in Plaintiff State and other States that remained loyal to the Constitution.” The very framing of that argument—the imputation of disloyalty to the Constitution on the part of Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—is an act of bad faith. It is also a dangerous provocation.

The Seditious Bunch - gleeful participants in the “seditious abuse of the judicial process” - compiled from the filings at Supreme Court Docket 22O155. Incidentally, the Supreme Court filing from the 126 House Republicans has at least one error, it lists Jeff Van Drew as representing the Second District in South Carolina. That is wrong, he represents the second district in New Jersey. So this list will be checked and corrected over the coming days. 

Update: December 19, 2020 -- several corrections, and added a link, almost all to Ballotpedia for each person.

Name	Position	State	Link
Steve Marshall	Attorney General	Alabama	Link
Bradley Byrne	Member of Congress, AL-01	Alabama	Link
Mike Rogers	Member of Congress, AL-03	Alabama	Link
Robert Aderholt	Member of Congress, AL-04	Alabama	Link
Mo Brooks	Member of Congress, AL-05	Alabama	Link
Gary Palmer	Member of Congress, AL-06	Alabama	Link
Christopher Kurka	State Representative, AK-07	Alaska	Link
Kevin McCabe	State Representative, AK-08	Alaska	Link
George Rauscher	State Representative, AK-09	Alaska	Link
David Eastman	State Representative, AK-10	Alaska	Link
Thomas McKay	State Representative, AK-24	Alaska	Link
Ron Gillham	State Representative, AK-30	Alaska	Link
Lora Reinbold	State Senator, AK-G	Alaska	Link
Andy Biggs	Member of Congress, AZ-05	Arizona	Link
Debbie Lesko	Member of Congress, AZ-08	Arizona	Link
Steve Pierce	State Representative, AZ-01	Arizona	Link
Mark Finchem	State Representative, AZ-11	Arizona	Link
Bret Roberts	State Representative, AZ-11	Arizona	Link
Travis Grantham	State Representative, AZ-12	Arizona	Link
Nancy K Barto	State Representative, AZ-15	Arizona	Link
John Fillmore	State Representative, AZ-16	Arizona	Link
Anthony Kern	State Representative, AZ-20	Arizona	Link
Frank Carroll	State Representative, AZ-22	Arizona	Link
Sonny Borelli	State Senator, AZ-05	Arizona	Link
Sylvia Allen	State Senator, AZ-06	Arizona	Link
David Gowan	State Senator, AZ-14	Arizona	Link
Kelly Townsend	State Senator, AZ-16	Arizona	Link
Leslie Rutledge	Attorney General	Arkansas	Link
Rick Crawford	Member of Congress, AR-01	Arkansas	Link
Bruce Westerman	Member of Congress, AR-04	Arkansas	Link
Doug LaMalfa	Member of Congress, CA-01	California	Link
Tom McClintock	Member of Congress, CA-04	California	Link
Kevin McCarthy	Member of Congress, CA-23	California	Link
Ken Calvert	Member of Congress, CA-42	California	Link
Ken Buck	Member of Congress, CO-04	Colorado	Link
Doug Lamborn	Member of Congress, CO-05	Colorado	Link
Ashley B Moody	Attorney General	Florida	Link
Matt Gaetz	Member of Congress, FL-01	Florida	Link
Neal P Dunn M.D.	Member of Congress, FL-02	Florida	Link
Ted S Yoho	Member of Congress, FL-03	Florida	Link
John Rutherford	Member of Congress, FL-04	Florida	Link
Michael Waltz	Member of Congress, FL-06	Florida	Link
Bill Posey	Member of Congress, FL-08	Florida	Link
Daniel Webster	Member of Congress, FL-11	Florida	Link
Gus M Bilirakis	Member of Congress, FL-12	Florida	Link
Ross Spano	Member of Congress, FL-15	Florida	Link
W Gregory Steube	Member of Congress, FL-17	Florida	Link
Mario Diaz-Balart	Member of Congress, FL-25	Florida	Link
Earl L "Buddy" Carter	Member of Congress, GA-01	Georgia	Link
A Drew Ferguson IV	Member of Congress, GA-03	Georgia	Link
Austin Scott	Member of Congress, GA-08	Georgia	Link
Doug Collins	Member of Congress, GA-09	Georgia	Link
Jody Hice	Member of Congress, GA-10	Georgia	Link
Barry Loudermilk	Member of Congress, GA-11	Georgia	Link
Rick W Allen	Member of Congress, GA-12	Georgia	Link
Colton Moore	State Representative, GA-01	Georgia	Link
Jason Ridley	State Representative, GA-06	Georgia	Link
Trey Rhodes	State Representative, GA-120	Georgia	Link
Ricky Williams	State Representative, GA-145	Georgia	Link
Greg Morris	State Representative, GA-156	Georgia	Link
Bill Werkheiser	State Representative, GA-157	Georgia	Link
Jeff Jones	State Representative, GA-167	Georgia	Link
Steven Meeks	State Representative, GA-178	Georgia	Link
Don Hogan	State Representative, GA-179	Georgia	Link
Wes Cantrell	State Representative, GA-22	Georgia	Link
Sheri Gilligan	State Representative, GA-24	Georgia	Link
David Clark	State Representative, GA-98	Georgia	Link
Sheila McNeill	State Senator-Elect, GA-03	Georgia	Link
William Ligon	State Senator, GA-03	Georgia	Link
Tyler Harper	State Senator, GA-07	Georgia	Link
Bruce Thompson	State Senator, GA-14	Georgia	Link
Marty Harbin	State Senator, GA-16	Georgia	Link
Blake Tillery	State Senator, GA-19	Georgia	Link
Brandon Beach	State Senator, GA-21	Georgia	Link
Lee Anderson	State Senator, GA-24	Georgia	Link
Burt Jones	State Senator, GA-25	Georgia	Link
Greg Dolezal	State Senator, GA-27	Georgia	Link
Matt Brass	State Senator, GA-28	Georgia	Link
Randy Robertson	State Senator, GA-29	Georgia	Link
Lindsey Tippins	State Senator, GA-37	Georgia	Link
Renee Unterman	State Senator, GA-45	Georgia	Link
Steve Gooch	State Senator, GA-51	Georgia	Link
Jeff Mullis	State Senator, GA-53	Georgia	Link
Janice McGeachin	Lieutenant Governor	Idaho	Link
Russ Fulcher	Member of Congress, ID-01	Idaho	Link
Michael K Simpson	Member of Congress, ID-02	Idaho	Link
Heather Scott	State Representative, ID-01A	Idaho	Link
Sage Dixon	State Representative, ID-01B	Idaho	Link
Tony Wisniewski	State Representative, ID-03B	Idaho	Link
Aaron von Ehlinger	State Representative, ID-06A	Idaho	Link
Priscilla Sue Giddings	State Representative, ID-07A	Idaho	Link
Charlie Shepherd	State Representative, ID-07B	Idaho	Link
Terry F Gestrin	State Representative, ID-08A	Idaho	Link
Dorothy Moon	State Representative, ID-08B	Idaho	Link
Ryan Kerby	State Representative, ID-09A	Idaho	Link
Bruce D Skaug	State Representative, ID-12A	Idaho	Link
Ben Adams	State Representative, ID-13B	Idaho	Link
John Vander Woude	State Representative, ID-22A	Idaho	Link
Ronald M Nate Ph.D.	State Representative, ID-34B	Idaho	Link
Karey Hanks	State Representative, ID-35A	Idaho	Link
Steve Vick	State Senator, ID-02	Idaho	Link
Mary Souza	State Senator, ID-04	Idaho	Link
Steve Thayn	State Senator, ID-08	Idaho	Link
Christy Zito	State Senator, ID-23	Idaho	Link
Mike Bost	Member of Congress, IL-12	Illinois	Link
Darin LaHood	Member of Congress, IL-18	Illinois	Link
Curtis T. Hill Jr.	Attorney General	Indiana	Link
Jackie Walorski	Member of Congress, IN-02	Indiana	Link
Jim Banks	Member of Congress, IN-03	Indiana	Link
James R Baird	Member of Congress, IN-04	Indiana	Link
Greg Pence	Member of Congress, IN-06	Indiana	Link
Trey Hollingsworth	Member of Congress, IN-09	Indiana	Link
Steve King	Member of Congress, IA-04	Iowa	Link
Derek Schmidt	Attorney General	Kansas	Link
Roger Marshall M.D.	Member of Congress, KS-01	Kansas	Link
Ron Estes	Member of Congress, KS-04	Kansas	Link
Jeff Landry	Attorney General	Louisiana	Link
Steve Scalise	Member of Congress, LA-01	Louisiana	Link
Clay Higgins	Member of Congress, LA-03	Louisiana	Link
Mike Johnson	Member of Congress, LA-04	Louisiana	Link
Ralph Abraham	Member of Congress, LA-05	Louisiana	Link
Andrew Harris	Member of Congress, MD-01	Maryland	Link
Jack Bergman	Member of Congress, MI-01	Michigan	Link
Bill Huizenga	Member of Congress, MI-02	Michigan	Link
John Moolenaar	Member of Congress, MI-04	Michigan	Link
Tim Walberg	Member of Congress, MI-07	Michigan	Link
Jack O'Malley	State Representative, MI-101	Michigan	Link
Michele Hoitenga	State Representative, MI-102	Michigan	Link
Daire Rendon	State Representative, MI-103	Michigan	Link
Greg Markkanen	State Representative, MI-110	Michigan	Link
Joseph Bellino	State Representative, MI-17	Michigan	Link
Douglas Wozniak	State Representative, MI-36	Michigan	Link
Matt Maddock	State Representative, MI-44	Michigan	Link
John Reilly	State Representative, MI-46	Michigan	Link
Bronna Kahle	State Representative, MI-57	Michigan	Link
Julie Alexander	State Representative, MI-64	Michigan	Link
Beth Griffin	State Representative, MI-66	Michigan	Link
Brad Paquette	State Representative, MI-78	Michigan	Link
Gary Eisen	State Representative, MI-81	Michigan	Link
Luke Meerman	State Representative, MI-88	Michigan	Link
Rodney Wakeman	State Representative, MI-94	Michigan	Link
Jim Hagedorn	Member of Congress, MN-01	Minnesota	Link
Tom Emmer	Member of Congress, MN-06	Minnesota	Link
Pete Stauber	Member of Congress, MN-08	Minnesota	Link
Lynn Fitch	Attorney General	Mississippi	Link
Trent Kelly	Member of Congress, MS-01	Mississippi	Link
Michael Guest	Member of Congress, MS-03	Mississippi	Link
Steven Palazzo	Member of Congress, MS-04	Mississippi	Link
Eric S. Schmitt	Attorney General	Missouri	Link
Justin D. Smith	Deputy Attorney General	Missouri	Link
Ann Wagner	Member of Congress, MO-02	Missouri	Link
Blaine Luetkemeyer	Member of Congress, MO-03	Missouri	Link
Vicky Hartzler	Member of Congress, MO-04	Missouri	Link
Sam Graves	Member of Congress, MO-06	Missouri	Link
Billy Long	Member of Congress, MO-07	Missouri	Link
Jason Smith	Member of Congress, MO-08	Missouri	Link
D. John Sauer	Solicitor General Counsel of Record	Missouri	Link
Tim Fox	Attorney General	Montana	Link
Greg Gianforte	Member of Congress, MT-at-large	Montana	Link
Douglas J Peterson	Attorney General	Nebraska	Link
Jeff Fortenberry	Member of Congress, NE-01	Nebraska	Link
Adrian Smith	Member of Congress, NE-03	Nebraska	Link
Jeff Van Drew	Member of Congress, NJ-02	New Jersey	Link
Lee Zeldin	Member of Congress, NY-01	New York	Link
Elise Stefanik	Member of Congress, NY-21	New York	Link
Gregory Murphy M.D.	Member of Congress, NC-03	North Carolina	Link
Virginia Foxx	Member of Congress, NC-05	North Carolina	Link
Mark Walker	Member of Congress, NC-06	North Carolina	Link
David Rouzer	Member of Congress, NC-07	North Carolina	Link
Richard Hudson	Member of Congress, NC-08	North Carolina	Link
Dan Bishop	Member of Congress, NC-09	North Carolina	Link
Ted Budd	Member of Congress, NC-13	North Carolina	Link
Wayne Stenehejm	Attorney General	North Dakota	Link
Brad Wenstrup	Member of Congress, OH-02	Ohio	Link
Jim Jordan	Member of Congress, OH-04	Ohio	Link
Robert E Latta	Member of Congress, OH-05	Ohio	Link
Bill Johnson	Member of Congress, OH-06	Ohio	Link
Bob Gibbs	Member of Congress, OH-07	Ohio	Link
Mike Hunter	Attorney General	Oklahoma	Link
Kevin Hern	Member of Congress, OK-01	Oklahoma	Link
Markwayne Mullin	Member of Congress, OK-02	Oklahoma	Link
Dan Meuser	Member of Congress, PA-09	Pennsylvania	Link
Scott Perry	Member of Congress, PA-10	Pennsylvania	Link
Fred Keller	Member of Congress, PA-12	Pennsylvania	Link
John Joyce	Member of Congress, PA-13	Pennsylvania	Link
Guy Reschenthaler	Member of Congress, PA-14	Pennsylvania	Link
Glenn "GT" Thompson	Member of Congress, PA-15	Pennsylvania	Link
Mike Kelly	Member of Congress, PA-16	Pennsylvania	Link
Daryl D Metcalfe	State Representative, PA-12	Pennsylvania	LInk
Cris E Dush	State Representative, PA-25	Pennsylvania	Link
Mike Puskaric	State Representative, PA-39	Pennsylvania	Link
Thomas R Sankey III	State Representative, PA-73	Pennsylvania	Link
Alan Wilson	Attorney General	South Carolina	Link
Joe Wilson	Member of Congress, SC-02	South Carolina	Link
Jeff Duncan	Member of Congress, SC-03	South Carolina	Link
William Timmons	Member of Congress, SC-04	South Carolina	Link
Ralph Norman	Member of Congress, SC-05	South Carolina	Link
Tom Rice	Member of Congress, SC-07	South Carolina	Link
Jason R Ravnsborg	Attorney General	South Dakota	Link
Herbert H Slattery III	Attorney General	Tennessee	Link
Tim Burchett	Member of Congress, TN-02	Tennessee	Link
Chuck Fleischmann	Member of Congress, TN-03	Tennessee	Link
Scott DesJarlais	Member of Congress, TN-04	Tennessee	Link
John Rose	Member of Congress, TN-06	Tennessee	Link
Mark Green	Member of Congress, TN-07	Tennessee	Link
David Kustoff	Member of Congress, TN-08	Tennessee	Link
Ken Paxton	Attorney General	Texas	Link
Brent Webster	First Assistant Attorney General	Texas	Link
Louie Gohmert	Member of Congress, TX-01	Texas	Link
Daniel Crenshaw	Member of Congress, TX-02	Texas	Link
Lance Gooden	Member of Congress, TX-05	Texas	Link
Ron Wright	Member of Congress, TX-06	Texas	Link
Kevin Brady	Member of Congress, TX-08	Texas	Link
Mike Conaway	Member of Congress, TX-11	Texas	Link
Randy Weber	Member of Congress, TX-14	Texas	Link
Bill Flores	Member of Congress, TX-17	Texas	Link
Jodey Arrington	Member of Congress, TX-19	Texas	Link
Kenny Marchant	Member of Congress, TX-24	Texas	Link
Roger Williams	Member of Congress, TX-25	Texas	Link
Michael C Burgess	Member of Congress, TX-26	Texas	Link
Michael Cloud	Member of Congress, TX-27	Texas	Link
Brian Babin	Member of Congress, TX-36	Texas	Link
Sean D Reyes	Attorney General	Utah	Link
Rob Wittman	Member of Congress, VA-01	Virginia	Link
Ben Cline	Member of Congress, VA-06	Virginia	Link
H Morgan Griffith	Member of Congress, VA-09	Virginia	Link
Dan Newhouse	Member of Congress, WA-04	Washington	Link
Cathy McMorris Rodgers	Member of Congress, WA-05	Washington	Link
Patrick Morrisey	Attorney General	West Virginia	Link
Alex X Mooney	Member of Congress, WV-02	West Virginia	Link
Carol D Miller	Member of Congress, WV-03	West Virginia	Link
Tom Tiffany	Member of Congress, WI-07	Wisconsin	Link