Showing posts with label USA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label USA. Show all posts

Sunday, June 14, 2026

Classic Institutional Self-Preservation Mechanism?

 

Hegseth, Secretary of War, on Iran: "We will keep pressing. We will keep pushing, keep advancing, no quarter, no mercy for our enemies." [1]

 

US Department of Defense Law of War Manual: [2]

 

5.4.7 Prohibition Against Declaring That No Quarter Be GivenIt is forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given. This means that it is prohibited to order that legitimate offers of surrender will be refused or that detainees, such as unprivileged belligerents, will be summarily executed. Moreover, it is also prohibited to conduct hostilities on the basis that there shall be no survivors, or to threaten the adversary with the denial of quarter. 

This rule is based on both humanitarian and military considerations.This rule also applies during non-international armed conflict.

 

Congressional testimony [3] : CENTCOM Commander Admiral Brad Cooper was simply unable to affirm in particular that it is forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given.  He just give generic "we will follow the law" statements.

 

Example:

 

Representative Jason Crow of Colorado: You're a combatant commander. You're one of our most senior military officers with tens of thousands of service members under your command. Does the law of war manual state that it is prohibited to utter to declare that no quarter be given?

 

Admiral Brad Cooper: It prohibits a large number of things. It will follow

 

Crow: I just read the provision to you. I just literally read the provision to you. Does it prohibit you or anyone else from declaring that no quarter be given? I just read it to you.

 

Cooper:  We will follow everything that's in the law.

 

Crow: Answer the question, Admiral Cooper. You have tens of thousands of service members under your command. I literally just read a provision from the Law of War manual, our own manual. Will you not just say what I just read to you?

 

Cooper: I will say that we will follow the law of armed conflict to the tea.

 

Crow: This is, this is, this is just unbelievable to me. I find the same thing, sir. This is just unbelievable to me.

 

 

 

[1] Secretary of War Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Air Force Gen. Dan Caine Hold a Press Briefing, March 13, 2026, https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/4434484/secretary-of-war-pete-hegseth-and-chairman-of-the-joint-chiefs-air-force-gen-da/

 

[2] US Department of Defense Law of War Manual, June 2015, updated July 2023.

https://media.defense.gov/2023/Jul/31/2003271432/-1/-1/0/dod-law-of-war-manual-june-2015-updated-july%202023.pdf

 

[3] Transcript of YouTube, CBS News, May 19, 2026 :  Tense exchange between Rep. Crow and CENTCOM commander over Iran, rules on quarter for enemies, https://youtu.be/2kIAUFKSc38

 

---

AI found several examples of such from the 19th century, and from the Vietnam war, and explains:

 

"What you are observing in the exchange between Rep. Crow and Admiral Cooper is a classic institutional self-preservation mechanism.

 

When a civilian leader (like a Secretary of Defense) uses illegal wartime rhetoric ("no quarter"), it places the uniform military leadership in a dangerous trap. If the Admiral explicitly agrees with the lawmaker that the Secretary's words describe an illegal war crime, he is publicly rebuking his civilian boss—a violation of the American norm of civilian control of the military. If he agrees with the Secretary, he is endorsing a war crime."

Monday, September 22, 2025

Did the US suffer from a STEM labor shortage 2011-2021?

 

The estimate below shows that American production of STEM graduates during 2011-2021 did not keep up with the demand for such in the workforce.  The shortfall must have been made up from imported labor.

 

Table SLBR-2 in this  NSF web publication

https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20245/u-s-stem-workforce-size-growth-and-employment

A screenshot of a computer

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

The data says that the number of employed workers in STEM occupations with a bachelor’s degree or higher grew from 11,858,595 in 2011 to 17,547,951 in 2021.

This is an increase of 5,689,356.

From the National Center for Education Statistics, the number of post-secondary degrees and certificates in STEM conferred 2012-13 to 2022-23 is given (11 years)

https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d24/tables/dt24_318.45.asp

 

 

If we take the first ten years, subtracting off non-residents, it is just under 6 million graduates.

Of course, there is overcounting here, because someone who got a bachelor’s in 2012 might have obtained a masters in 2014, and is counted twice.  But let’s not worry about that.  Also, not everyone with a STEM degree ends up in a STEM career.

Then there is attrition - from the approximately 12 million workers in 2011, how many retired?  

If the number of employed workers was constant, and a career lasts 50 years, then 2% of the workers should retire each year.  If the number of workers is growing with more young entrants, then that number should be less. Google AI says that in 2006, there were 9.4 million employed workers in STEM occupations with bachelor’s or more (it said it couldn’t find specific numbers for 2001).  We can’t linearly extrapolate because it would mean about zero such workers in the late 1980s.   Let’s go with 0.5% per year of the 12 million in 2011 retired or otherwise left the field, and that amounts to 600,000.

So the US produced a maximum of 6 million graduates and required 5.7 million for the new jobs and 0.6 million for the existing jobs vacated by retirees.  That is already a shortage of 300K.

About the double counting - 

Google AI says: Over the decade between 2011 and 2021, Science & Engineering master's degrees consistently increased, averaging more than 170,000 awards per year; and in 2021, 217,000 Science & Engineering masters were awarded of which 60,000 were to international students.  

If we take 70% of the masters to be awarded to American citizens or permanent residents, then in 2011-2021, about 1.2 million masters were awarded, and these are double-counted with those who got bachelors. That would increase the shortage to 1.5 million.

The conclusion is that yes, the US suffered from a STEM labor shortage between 2011 and 2021.   

 

 

 

 

Saturday, December 09, 2023

The Poison Ivy League

The Jerusalem Post headline says it all: Ivy League heads: Calls for genocide on Jews are context-dependent When New York Republican Rep. Elise Stefanik asked if “calling for the genocide of Jews” is against the universities’ respective codes of conduct, all three presidents said the answer depends. --- The above is about the most degraded that I have seen the American Left. As is almost always the case, ideology seems to paralyze the rational faculty. Perhaps if they had said that calling for the genocide of Jews or anyone is always against the universities' codes of conduct; but the severity of the sanctions against the offender(s) depend on context, it would be far less offensive. --- FYI, I am currently in the 10-15% of the population that does not react to urushiol (I understand that a rash response can develop with repeated exposure to poison ivy).

Sunday, March 26, 2023

Democracy in Crisis

Once upon a time, to board a domestic flight was almost as easy as getting onto a bus at a bus terminal. Global terrorism put an end to that.  Is this a reduction in freedom?  Absolutely.  The requirement of the right kind of government-issued ID to board a flight is an intrusion into individual liberty. 

 

Is it a reduction in democracy?  Absolutely not.  The people remain free to make the government change the regulations, repeal them altogether, or as is more likely, to make obtaining the required ID and the security checks less onerous.  

 

Professor Salvatore Babones, an American sociologist at the University of Sydney in Australia, uses this kind of distinction, and argues that India remains a democracy, though less free than Australia or the United States, for instance in freedom of speech.  Watch this debate between Salvatore Babones and Anand Rangarajan.  (Trigger-alert: Anand Rangarajan is boorish; and Salvatore Babones loses the audience because he acknowledges learning about India from a trio of journalists whom the audience happens to despise.)   But Babones' arguments are sound.   

 

Let's examine this further. In one of the many "India's Democracy in Crisis" panel discussions,  there is the criticism of the Modi government that it does not do enough to curb hate speech.  On the other hand, district authorities have been given the power to simply shut down the internet, and in 2022, of 187 shutdowns of the internet world-wide, 84 occurred in India, and the Modi government is criticized for this, too.

 

It does happen in India that social media is used to spread "hate-speech" and start a riot or lynching.  It may be rare on a per capita basis (1.4 billion people in the denominator!), but it does happen.  The district authorities can nip this in the bud by simply turning off the internet for a period.  "Hate speech" is poorly defined, there are no standards, and asking the district authorities to selectively censor social media will bring in their bias.  Turning off the internet makes sense.  Whether this is a good strategy requires research into its effectiveness in keeping the peace, and not some theoretical notions about freedom.

 

Regarding the disruption to life by an internet shutdown, India is prone to "rasta roko"/"rail roko" -- people block roads or railway lines - and city-wide or state-wide bandhs, where the entire area is coerced into shutting down business.  This kind of protest is part of India's political culture and has a history.  Lack of internet is yet another disruption to add to this.  

 

But it is up to the Indian people to decide whether all this is acceptable or not.   Right now, perhaps the safety of life and property, and the avoidance of disruption of life by violence outweighs the loss of the internet.   Maybe some time the balance will change and then the voters will make a political issue of it and force a change.

 

Which leads to another observation - the Indian Constitution is relatively easy to change, with the Supreme Court on guard to preserve the basis structure of the Constitution.  From January 1950 to October 2021, there have been 105 amendments.  America's Constitution has had 27 since 1789.  It is much more difficult to amend, and popular causes such as regulating money in politics, or making the Presidency be determined by the popular vote rather than the Electoral College which overweighs states with tiny populations are stuck.  That is, the American people remain free to change their Constitution, but in practice, it is very hard.  

 

Freedom of speech is virtually absolute in the United States; the restrictions that can be placed by law are very limited.  We thus get the situation where e.g., Fox News can knowingly, even maliciously, propagate a democracy-damaging falsehood, and the only recourse is for a private party who suffered economic damage by the lies to take them to court.  If the situation gets unbearable, Americans will no doubt try to change this, but the barriers to change are enormous.   

 

Does comparing among countries the ease of amending the Constitution make any sense?  I don't think it does, any more than the freedom indices and such.  India's Constitution and America's Constitution were written to meet the needs of their respective people with their histories and circumstances.  The ease or difficulty of amendment was also decided because of history and circumstances.


With any democracy, what one can meaningfully ask is, are the people free to change their laws and regulations and do the laws and regulations that get made diminish that freedom in any way?  Only in the latter case need an alarm be raised (e.g, Hungary or maybe even Israel).  


When in the debate mentioned above, Anand Rangarajan feels patronized when Babones says India is less free in some respects than Australia or America and asks why he can't be as free as an American, he is asking for India to be America; but India's history and circumstances can't be so readily erased.  Nor is less freedom necessarily bad - in aviation, it keeps terrorists at bay.  


It is up to Indians collectively whether they want a perfect Jeffersonian Republic, or whether the trade-offs to preserve their way of life are acceptable to them; and Anand Rangarajan has the freedom to try to persuade them as to which would lead to their greater flourishing.

Monday, February 07, 2022

Shower Cap's Blog

 Some of the best political commentary/rants about the crazy politics in these United States of America can be found on Shower Cap's American Madness Journal.  There's a new entry each Friday.

Excerpt from the latest:

Y’know, the way I sorta judge how things’re going in this country boils down to, “is there more Nazi shit going on than last week, or less?” and I tell you, folks, since that fateful escalator ride what seems like a fucking century ago, the answer hasn’t been “less” once. Not once. Well, shucks, may as well grab a drink and join me for a few nervous chuckles at all the zany, zany ways 21st century America refuses to learn history’s clearest lessons…wheeeeeeee.                 

BUT FIRST…move over, Omicron, it’s time for the other plague menacing humanity to run wild, and though this particular variant was 100% made in the USA, I’m sure Rand Paul will still figure out some way to blame China. I’m speaking, of course, of Tantrum-Throwing Manchildren Demanding the Right to Spread a Disease That’s Killed Millions.                                                   

(This is all coming on the heels of a new study showing the unvaccinated are 23 times more likely to be hospitalized with Covid than those of us who don’t have skulls full of hornets and rat turds, and how fun is it to live in a society where absolutely no one expects data that clear to change anyone’s behavior, because a certain political party decided it would be a good idea to brainwash their base into despising science?)

Wednesday, January 27, 2021

US House of Representatives - Committee Memberships by Party - Take 2

 In a previous post, I looked at what percentage of House Committee seats were taken by the majority party, and found that for the 98th to 116th Congresses, the larger the majority, the larger the share of committee seats, in a roughly linear relationship.  That led to a prediction of the Democrats, in the current (117th) Congress, getting 54.1% of the committee seats.

Well, the Democrats have outdone themselves, and I wish I knew just how they pulled it off.  I have a sneaking suspicion they exploited the innumeracy of the Republicans.






Saturday, January 23, 2021

Caltech is de-Millikaned

 


Caltech announcement:

Caltech president Thomas F. Rosenbaum, acting on unanimous recommendations from the [Committee on Naming and Recognition (CNR)](https://inclusive.caltech.edu/about/commitments-progress/committee)and the authorization of the Caltech Board of Trustees, today announced the removal of the name of Caltech's founding president and first Nobel laureate, Robert A. Millikan, from campus buildings, assets, and honors. Rosenbaum and the Board also approved the removal of the names of Harry Chandler, Ezra S. Gosney, William B. Munro, Henry M. Robinson, and Albert B. Ruddock from campus assets and honors.

and

In taking this step, the Institute fully heeds the committee's recommendation to reckon and reconcile with the past, "publicly and unambiguously repudiat[ing] any shade of affiliation with eugenics." The decision is a direct response to and an acknowledgement of the named individuals' participation in the eugenics movement through affiliation with the Human Betterment Foundation (HBF), a California-based organization founded in 1928 by Ezra Gosney, which supported eugenic sterilization research and distributed propaganda in support of eugenic sterilization. Caltech's leadership concurred with the CNR that to continue to memorialize the named individuals, without a complete accounting of who they were, is inconsistent with Caltech's values. Millikan, Gosney, Chandler, Munro, Robinson, and Ruddock were successful professionals, civic leaders, and philanthropists and also prominent members of society who lent their stature and names to the furtherance of racist and discriminatory practices either as HBF trustees or members.

and  

In making its recommendations regarding Millikan, the committee also considered his stances on gender, race, and ethnicity, finding them sexist, racist, xenophobic, and inexcusable by any standard.

and 

"It is fraught to judge individuals outside of their time, but it is clear from the documentation presented that Millikan lent his name and his prestige to a morally reprehensible eugenics movement that already had been discredited scientifically during his time," Rosenbaum said.

(emphasis added)

While the committee had also been charged with considering campus memorializations of Thomas J. Watson Sr. for his alleged ties to Nazi Germany through his leadership of IBM, it ultimately withheld judgment on this renaming. An archival investigation into these matters "undermines the essential accusations in Edwin Black's  *IBM and the Holocaust* , thereby removing any firm basis to recommend renaming the Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics," Rosenbaum said.

The full report from the Committee on Naming and Recognition:

https://inclusive.caltech.edu/about/commitments-progress/committee

Friday, January 22, 2021

The Inaugural Poem - Amanda Gorman


 “ Mr. President, Dr. Biden, Madam Vice President, Mr. Emhoff, Americans and the world:

When day comes we ask ourselves, 

Where can we find light in this never-ending shade?
The loss we carry, 
a sea we must wade?

We’ve braved the belly of the beast, 
We’ve learned that quiet isn’t always peace. 
And the norms and notions 
of what just is 
Isn’t always justice. 

And yet the dawn is ours 
before we knew it
Somehow we do it. 

Somehow we’ve weathered and witnessed 
a nation that isn’t broken, 
but simply unfinished.

We, the successors of a country and a time 
Where a skinny Black girl
descended from slaves and raised by a single mother 
can dream of becoming president 
only to find herself reciting for one.

And yes, we are far from polished, 
far from pristine, 
but that doesn’t mean we are 
striving to form a union that is perfect. 
We are striving to forge our union with purpose. 
To compose a country committed to all cultures, colors, characters and 
conditions of man.


And so we lift our gazes not to what stands between us
but what stands before us. 
We close the divide, because we know to put our future first, 
we must first put our differences aside. 
We lay down our arms 
so we can reach out our arms 
to one another. 
We seek harm to none and harmony for all.

Let the globe, if nothing else, say this is true:
That even as we grieved, we grew
That even as we hurt, we hoped
That even as we tired, we tried.

That we'll forever be tied together, victorious
Not because we will never again know defeat
but because we will never again sow division.

Scripture tells us to envision that 
everyone shall sit under their own vine and fig tree 
And no one shall make them afraid.
If we’re to live up to our own time, 
then victory won’t lie in the blade 
But in all the bridges we’ve made.

That is the promise to glade,
the hill we climb 
if only we dare
it's because being American is more than a pride we inherit –
it’s the past we step into 
and how we repair it.

We’ve seen a force that would shatter our nation 
rather than share it,
Would destroy our country if it meant delaying democracy. 
And this effort very nearly succeeded. 
But while democracy can be periodically delayed, 
It can never be permanently defeated.

In this truth, 
In this faith we trust 
For while we have our eyes on the future, 
history has its eyes on us. 
This is the era of just redemption 
We feared at its inception.
We did not feel prepared to be the heirs 
of such a terrifying hour, 
but within it we found the power 
to author a new chapter, 
to offer hope and laughter to ourselves. 
So while once we asked 
‘how could we possibly prevail over catastrophe,’ 
now we assert: 
‘how could catastrophe possibly prevail over us?’

"We will not march back to what was, 
but move to what shall be: 
a country that is bruised but whole, 
benevolent but bold, 
fierce and free. 
We will not be turned around 
or interrupted by intimidation 
because we know our inaction and inertia 
will be the inheritance of the next generation.

Our blunders become their burdens 
but one thing is certain:
 If we merge mercy with might, 
and might with right, 
then love becomes our legacy
and change, our children’s birthright.

So let us leave behind a country 
better than the one we were left with. 
Every breath from my bronze-pounded chest, 
we will raise this wounded world into a wondrous one. 
We will rise from the gold-limbed hills of the west, 
we will rise from the windswept north-east 
where our forefathers first realized revolution. 
We will rise from the lake-rinsed cities of the midwestern states. 
We will rise from the sun-baked South. 
We will rebuild, reconcile, and recover 
and every known nook of our nation 
and every corner called our country,
 our people diverse and beautiful will emerge 
battered and beautiful.

When day comes, we step out of the shade, 
aflame and unafraid. 
The new dawn blooms as we free it. 
For there is always light 
if only we’re brave enough to see it, 
if only we’re brave enough to be it.”

-Amanda Gorman


 

Thursday, January 21, 2021

US House of Representatives - Committee Memberships by Party

The paper from the Congressional Research Service: House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-116th Congresses tells us that how the majority and minority parties in Congress divvy up committee seats is rather opaque.

The Standing Rules of the House of Representatives are silent regarding committee sizes and party ratios; the apportionment of committee seats is a decision of the majority leadership that may include discussions between majority and minority party leaderships.  

Only in the House Committee on Ethics are the two parties guaranteed by House Rules to have an equal share of seats. 

Historically, the number of majority seats on some committees has exceeded, in varying degrees, the strength of the majority party in the House chamber, regardless of which party has been in power.  This generally has ensured that the majority party has a sufficient number of members distributed across committees to control voting in many committees.

Based on Table 1 in the paper, the following chart can be drawn. The x-axis is the fraction of House seats the majority holds; the y-axis is the fraction of committee seats the majority holds. Note that the origin is (50,52) (so that you aren't inadvertantly misled by statistics, it is good practice to point that out). In the 117th Congress, as of January 15th the Democrats have 221 seats, the Republicans 211. This translates to a 51.2% majority and that translates to a predicted 54.1% of the committee seats.

Sunday, January 17, 2021

Cannon to the left of them

 The extreme left has not indulged in an insurrection against the Republic.  So they cannot be compared to the MAGAts.  But they have habits of thought that should be of concern. 


Exhibit: Many tens of millions of Republicans simply don't exist in this depiction of the American political landscape.


Exhibit: what the Democrats themselves see about the extreme left:



Sunday, December 13, 2020

The Seditious Bunch

The corrupt Attorney General of Texas filed a complaint with the Supreme Court asking it to overthrow the elections in Michigan, Wisconsin, Georgia and Pennsylvania. Numerous Republican officials piled on. The Supreme Court summarily dismissed the complaint. But there has to be a reckoning. It will take time and come piecemeal, but the political careers of these Republicans needs to end - these participants in the "seditious abuse of the judicial process". To this end, the names of these participants is memorialized on this blog page. As Amy Davidson Sorkin writes:
There is no acceptable justification. There needs to be a real reckoning; if prominent Republicans do not now use the Court’s decision to renounce Trump’s campaign to overturn the election, they will do real and lasting harm to the country.
It was never enough for Republicans who supported the suit to tell themselves that they could be as ridiculous as they liked, because the Supreme Court wouldn’t go for the argument, anyway. If they didn’t know how much Trump’s efforts had eroded his supporters’ faith in the integrity of the electoral system, they should have realized it from reading the briefs that Texas and Trump filed, which, perversely enough, cited those doubts as a rationale for why the Supreme Court should intervene. “The nation needs this Court’s clarity,” Texas argued—as if the Court should reward them for creating confusion by throwing out electors. Trump’s brief made that point even more crassly. “The fact that nearly half of the country believes the election was stolen should come as no surprise,” it said, arguing that, by ruling in Texas’s favor, the Court would allow voters to “find solace” in an election result that excluded “illegal votes.” (All indications are that, by “illegal,” Trump means votes that were not cast for him; actual, specific allegations that there was fraud, backed by evidence, are conspicuously absent from the Texas and Trump briefs.) In short, Trump argued that because he threw mud on the election system’s machinery, the Court was obliged to junk it.
Texas made a convoluted argument about how it would be harmed if Kamala Harris, as Vice-President, ever had to break a tie vote in the Senate, which didn’t even track logically. Texas also claimed that it had standing to sue the states because their actions “debased the votes of citizens in Plaintiff State and other States that remained loyal to the Constitution.” The very framing of that argument—the imputation of disloyalty to the Constitution on the part of Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—is an act of bad faith. It is also a dangerous provocation.
The Seditious Bunch - gleeful participants in the “seditious abuse of the judicial process” - compiled from the filings at Supreme Court Docket 22O155. Incidentally, the Supreme Court filing from the 126 House Republicans has at least one error, it lists Jeff Van Drew as representing the Second District in South Carolina. That is wrong, he represents the second district in New Jersey. So this list will be checked and corrected over the coming days. 

Update: December 19, 2020 -- several corrections, and added a link, almost all to Ballotpedia for each person.

Name Position State Link
Steve Marshall Attorney General Alabama Link
Bradley Byrne Member of Congress, AL-01 Alabama Link
Mike Rogers Member of Congress, AL-03 Alabama Link
Robert Aderholt Member of Congress, AL-04 Alabama Link
Mo Brooks Member of Congress, AL-05 Alabama Link
Gary Palmer Member of Congress, AL-06 Alabama Link
Christopher Kurka State Representative, AK-07 Alaska Link
Kevin McCabe State Representative, AK-08 Alaska Link
George Rauscher State Representative, AK-09 Alaska Link
David Eastman State Representative, AK-10 Alaska Link
Thomas McKay State Representative, AK-24 Alaska Link
Ron Gillham State Representative, AK-30 Alaska Link
Lora Reinbold State Senator, AK-G Alaska Link
Andy Biggs Member of Congress, AZ-05 Arizona Link
Debbie Lesko Member of Congress, AZ-08 Arizona Link
Steve Pierce State Representative, AZ-01 Arizona Link
Mark Finchem State Representative, AZ-11 Arizona Link
Bret Roberts State Representative, AZ-11 Arizona Link
Travis Grantham State Representative, AZ-12 Arizona Link
Nancy K Barto State Representative, AZ-15 Arizona Link
John Fillmore State Representative, AZ-16 Arizona Link
Anthony Kern State Representative, AZ-20 Arizona Link
Frank Carroll State Representative, AZ-22 Arizona Link
Sonny Borelli State Senator, AZ-05 Arizona Link
Sylvia Allen State Senator, AZ-06 Arizona Link
David Gowan State Senator, AZ-14 Arizona Link
Kelly Townsend State Senator, AZ-16 Arizona Link
Leslie Rutledge Attorney General Arkansas Link
Rick Crawford Member of Congress, AR-01 Arkansas Link
Bruce Westerman Member of Congress, AR-04 Arkansas Link
Doug LaMalfa Member of Congress, CA-01 California Link
Tom McClintock Member of Congress, CA-04 California Link
Kevin McCarthy Member of Congress, CA-23 California Link
Ken Calvert Member of Congress, CA-42 California Link
Ken Buck Member of Congress, CO-04 Colorado Link
Doug Lamborn Member of Congress, CO-05 Colorado Link
Ashley B Moody Attorney General Florida Link
Matt Gaetz Member of Congress, FL-01 Florida Link
Neal P Dunn M.D. Member of Congress, FL-02 Florida Link
Ted S Yoho Member of Congress, FL-03 Florida Link
John Rutherford Member of Congress, FL-04 Florida Link
Michael Waltz Member of Congress, FL-06 Florida Link
Bill Posey Member of Congress, FL-08 Florida Link
Daniel Webster Member of Congress, FL-11 Florida Link
Gus M Bilirakis Member of Congress, FL-12 Florida Link
Ross Spano Member of Congress, FL-15 Florida Link
W Gregory Steube Member of Congress, FL-17 Florida Link
Mario Diaz-Balart Member of Congress, FL-25 Florida Link
Earl L "Buddy" Carter Member of Congress, GA-01 Georgia Link
A Drew Ferguson IV Member of Congress, GA-03 Georgia Link
Austin Scott Member of Congress, GA-08 Georgia Link
Doug Collins Member of Congress, GA-09 Georgia Link
Jody Hice Member of Congress, GA-10 Georgia Link
Barry Loudermilk Member of Congress, GA-11 Georgia Link
Rick W Allen Member of Congress, GA-12 Georgia Link
Colton Moore State Representative, GA-01 Georgia Link
Jason Ridley State Representative, GA-06 Georgia Link
Trey Rhodes State Representative, GA-120 Georgia Link
Ricky Williams State Representative, GA-145 Georgia Link
Greg Morris State Representative, GA-156 Georgia Link
Bill Werkheiser State Representative, GA-157 Georgia Link
Jeff Jones State Representative, GA-167 Georgia Link
Steven Meeks State Representative, GA-178 Georgia Link
Don Hogan State Representative, GA-179 Georgia Link
Wes Cantrell State Representative, GA-22 Georgia Link
Sheri Gilligan State Representative, GA-24 Georgia Link
David Clark State Representative, GA-98 Georgia Link
Sheila McNeill State Senator-Elect, GA-03 Georgia Link
William Ligon State Senator, GA-03 Georgia Link
Tyler Harper State Senator, GA-07 Georgia Link
Bruce Thompson State Senator, GA-14 Georgia Link
Marty Harbin State Senator, GA-16 Georgia Link
Blake Tillery State Senator, GA-19 Georgia Link
Brandon Beach State Senator, GA-21 Georgia Link
Lee Anderson State Senator, GA-24 Georgia Link
Burt Jones State Senator, GA-25 Georgia Link
Greg Dolezal State Senator, GA-27 Georgia Link
Matt Brass State Senator, GA-28 Georgia Link
Randy Robertson State Senator, GA-29 Georgia Link
Lindsey Tippins State Senator, GA-37 Georgia Link
Renee Unterman State Senator, GA-45 Georgia Link
Steve Gooch State Senator, GA-51 Georgia Link
Jeff Mullis State Senator, GA-53 Georgia Link
Janice McGeachin Lieutenant Governor Idaho Link
Russ Fulcher Member of Congress, ID-01 Idaho Link
Michael K Simpson Member of Congress, ID-02 Idaho Link
Heather Scott State Representative, ID-01A Idaho Link
Sage Dixon State Representative, ID-01B Idaho Link
Tony Wisniewski State Representative, ID-03B Idaho Link
Aaron von Ehlinger State Representative, ID-06A Idaho Link
Priscilla Sue Giddings State Representative, ID-07A Idaho Link
Charlie Shepherd State Representative, ID-07B Idaho Link
Terry F Gestrin State Representative, ID-08A Idaho Link
Dorothy Moon State Representative, ID-08B Idaho Link
Ryan Kerby State Representative, ID-09A Idaho Link
Bruce D Skaug State Representative, ID-12A Idaho Link
Ben Adams State Representative, ID-13B Idaho Link
John Vander Woude State Representative, ID-22A Idaho Link
Ronald M Nate Ph.D. State Representative, ID-34B Idaho Link
Karey Hanks State Representative, ID-35A Idaho Link
Steve Vick State Senator, ID-02 Idaho Link
Mary Souza State Senator, ID-04 Idaho Link
Steve Thayn State Senator, ID-08 Idaho Link
Christy Zito State Senator, ID-23 Idaho Link
Mike Bost Member of Congress, IL-12 Illinois Link
Darin LaHood Member of Congress, IL-18 Illinois Link
Curtis T. Hill Jr. Attorney General Indiana Link
Jackie Walorski Member of Congress, IN-02 Indiana Link
Jim Banks Member of Congress, IN-03 Indiana Link
James R Baird Member of Congress, IN-04 Indiana Link
Greg Pence Member of Congress, IN-06 Indiana Link
Trey Hollingsworth Member of Congress, IN-09 Indiana Link
Steve King Member of Congress, IA-04 Iowa Link
Derek Schmidt Attorney General Kansas Link
Roger Marshall M.D. Member of Congress, KS-01 Kansas Link
Ron Estes Member of Congress, KS-04 Kansas Link
Jeff Landry Attorney General Louisiana Link
Steve Scalise Member of Congress, LA-01 Louisiana Link
Clay Higgins Member of Congress, LA-03 Louisiana Link
Mike Johnson Member of Congress, LA-04 Louisiana Link
Ralph Abraham Member of Congress, LA-05 Louisiana Link
Andrew Harris Member of Congress, MD-01 Maryland Link
Jack Bergman Member of Congress, MI-01 Michigan Link
Bill Huizenga Member of Congress, MI-02 Michigan Link
John Moolenaar Member of Congress, MI-04 Michigan Link
Tim Walberg Member of Congress, MI-07 Michigan Link
Jack O'Malley State Representative, MI-101 Michigan Link
Michele Hoitenga State Representative, MI-102 Michigan Link
Daire Rendon State Representative, MI-103 Michigan Link
Greg Markkanen State Representative, MI-110 Michigan Link
Joseph Bellino State Representative, MI-17 Michigan Link
Douglas Wozniak State Representative, MI-36 Michigan Link
Matt Maddock State Representative, MI-44 Michigan Link
John Reilly State Representative, MI-46 Michigan Link
Bronna Kahle State Representative, MI-57 Michigan Link
Julie Alexander State Representative, MI-64 Michigan Link
Beth Griffin State Representative, MI-66 Michigan Link
Brad Paquette State Representative, MI-78 Michigan Link
Gary Eisen State Representative, MI-81 Michigan Link
Luke Meerman State Representative, MI-88 Michigan Link
Rodney Wakeman State Representative, MI-94 Michigan Link
Jim Hagedorn Member of Congress, MN-01 Minnesota Link
Tom Emmer Member of Congress, MN-06 Minnesota Link
Pete Stauber Member of Congress, MN-08 Minnesota Link
Lynn Fitch Attorney General Mississippi Link
Trent Kelly Member of Congress, MS-01 Mississippi Link
Michael Guest Member of Congress, MS-03 Mississippi Link
Steven Palazzo Member of Congress, MS-04 Mississippi Link
Eric S. Schmitt Attorney General Missouri Link
Justin D. Smith Deputy Attorney General Missouri Link
Ann Wagner Member of Congress, MO-02 Missouri Link
Blaine Luetkemeyer Member of Congress, MO-03 Missouri Link
Vicky Hartzler Member of Congress, MO-04 Missouri Link
Sam Graves Member of Congress, MO-06 Missouri Link
Billy Long Member of Congress, MO-07 Missouri Link
Jason Smith Member of Congress, MO-08 Missouri Link
D. John Sauer Solicitor General Counsel of Record Missouri Link
Tim Fox Attorney General Montana Link
Greg Gianforte Member of Congress, MT-at-large Montana Link
Douglas J Peterson Attorney General Nebraska Link
Jeff Fortenberry Member of Congress, NE-01 Nebraska Link
Adrian Smith Member of Congress, NE-03 Nebraska Link
Jeff Van Drew Member of Congress, NJ-02 New Jersey Link
Lee Zeldin Member of Congress, NY-01 New York Link
Elise Stefanik Member of Congress, NY-21 New York Link
Gregory Murphy M.D. Member of Congress, NC-03 North Carolina Link
Virginia Foxx Member of Congress, NC-05 North Carolina Link
Mark Walker Member of Congress, NC-06 North Carolina Link
David Rouzer Member of Congress, NC-07 North Carolina Link
Richard Hudson Member of Congress, NC-08 North Carolina Link
Dan Bishop Member of Congress, NC-09 North Carolina Link
Ted Budd Member of Congress, NC-13 North Carolina Link
Wayne Stenehejm Attorney General North Dakota Link
Brad Wenstrup Member of Congress, OH-02 Ohio Link
Jim Jordan Member of Congress, OH-04 Ohio Link
Robert E Latta Member of Congress, OH-05 Ohio Link
Bill Johnson Member of Congress, OH-06 Ohio Link
Bob Gibbs Member of Congress, OH-07 Ohio Link
Mike Hunter Attorney General Oklahoma Link
Kevin Hern Member of Congress, OK-01 Oklahoma Link
Markwayne Mullin Member of Congress, OK-02 Oklahoma Link
Dan Meuser Member of Congress, PA-09 Pennsylvania Link
Scott Perry Member of Congress, PA-10 Pennsylvania Link
Fred Keller Member of Congress, PA-12 Pennsylvania Link
John Joyce Member of Congress, PA-13 Pennsylvania Link
Guy Reschenthaler Member of Congress, PA-14 Pennsylvania Link
Glenn "GT" Thompson Member of Congress, PA-15 Pennsylvania Link
Mike Kelly Member of Congress, PA-16 Pennsylvania Link
Daryl D Metcalfe State Representative, PA-12 Pennsylvania LInk
Cris E Dush State Representative, PA-25 Pennsylvania Link
Mike Puskaric State Representative, PA-39 Pennsylvania Link
Thomas R Sankey III State Representative, PA-73 Pennsylvania Link
Alan Wilson Attorney General South Carolina Link
Joe Wilson Member of Congress, SC-02 South Carolina Link
Jeff Duncan Member of Congress, SC-03 South Carolina Link
William Timmons Member of Congress, SC-04 South Carolina Link
Ralph Norman Member of Congress, SC-05 South Carolina Link
Tom Rice Member of Congress, SC-07 South Carolina Link
Jason R Ravnsborg Attorney General South Dakota Link
Herbert H Slattery III Attorney General Tennessee Link
Tim Burchett Member of Congress, TN-02 Tennessee Link
Chuck Fleischmann Member of Congress, TN-03 Tennessee Link
Scott DesJarlais Member of Congress, TN-04 Tennessee Link
John Rose Member of Congress, TN-06 Tennessee Link
Mark Green Member of Congress, TN-07 Tennessee Link
David Kustoff Member of Congress, TN-08 Tennessee Link
Ken Paxton Attorney General Texas Link
Brent Webster First Assistant Attorney General Texas Link
Louie Gohmert Member of Congress, TX-01 Texas Link
Daniel Crenshaw Member of Congress, TX-02 Texas Link
Lance Gooden Member of Congress, TX-05 Texas Link
Ron Wright Member of Congress, TX-06 Texas Link
Kevin Brady Member of Congress, TX-08 Texas Link
Mike Conaway Member of Congress, TX-11 Texas Link
Randy Weber Member of Congress, TX-14 Texas Link
Bill Flores Member of Congress, TX-17 Texas Link
Jodey Arrington Member of Congress, TX-19 Texas Link
Kenny Marchant Member of Congress, TX-24 Texas Link
Roger Williams Member of Congress, TX-25 Texas Link
Michael C Burgess Member of Congress, TX-26 Texas Link
Michael Cloud Member of Congress, TX-27 Texas Link
Brian Babin Member of Congress, TX-36 Texas Link
Sean D Reyes Attorney General Utah Link
Rob Wittman Member of Congress, VA-01 Virginia Link
Ben Cline Member of Congress, VA-06 Virginia Link
H Morgan Griffith Member of Congress, VA-09 Virginia Link
Dan Newhouse Member of Congress, WA-04 Washington Link
Cathy McMorris Rodgers Member of Congress, WA-05 Washington Link
Patrick Morrisey Attorney General West Virginia Link
Alex X Mooney Member of Congress, WV-02 West Virginia Link
Carol D Miller Member of Congress, WV-03 West Virginia Link
Tom Tiffany Member of Congress, WI-07 Wisconsin Link